As we camp out here in temperatures as low as -41C (Am I converting - 20 F properly?), we must pay attention to the issues discussed in this thread.
Pardon some basic comments, but the information is often ignored.
You stay warm in a garment, including a "sleeping bag," because the garment insulates (stops the loss of heat generated by the body) due to "dead" (still) air trapped by the insulation in relatively small spaces.
"Loft" is the thickness of a garment and is a rough measure of the insulative value of the garment IF the garment is of uniform thickness. It is measured by shaking the garment out and laying it on a flat surface. After a few minutes to allow settling, the thickness can then be measured with a ruler. Tables are published listing the average gain in "warmth" by a given loft of garment. (WARNING: The tables may assume any or all of several factors, including that you are out of the wind, have an insulative foam pad under you, are in a tent, are well-fed, and/or are in good health).
Loft is not increased in any measurable way by heat. The air spaces are not sealed. The warm air is merely slowed in passing through the garment.
Laying a heavy "blanket" over a down or polyester batting garment will reduce the insulative value of the down or polyester garment to a degree by crushing some of the trapped air out of that garment.
Insulation is unaware that we call it "sweater" or "sleeping bag" and, all things being equal, performs its function all the same.
Wearing "clothing" inside a "sleeping bag" increases insulation levels if the "clothing" is not made of material inappropriate for cold weather. However, at a certain point, varying according to the inside dimensions of the "sleeping bag" and the thickness of "clothing," there may be compression of the insulation of the "sleeping bag," resulting in lowering of ITS insulative vale. In short, there is only so much room inside the "sleeping bag."
Wearing "clothing" inside a "sleeping bag" can cause the garments to become dampened by insensate perspiration (the warm, moist air rising from the body) - or the sensate type if really overly warm. On rising and exiting the "sleeping bag," the reduction in insulation and the evaporation of the dampness can cause one to feel quite cold -- especially if there is a breeze to speed evaporation. (Change -- or add -- "clothing.")
If one breaths into the "sleeping bag" = more moisture.
Anything that traps air in small cavities could be used as insulation. Some materials are better at resisting dampness/moisture while others are infamous for collapsing (losing "loft") as they get damp -- such as down and newsprint.
(We have found that down loses loft despite all measures taken because we lack the sun and dry weather to dry down garments in the field. Each hour they are worn, they lose loft. That could be overcome with spares and careful drying by fire, but why fight an inherent weakness?)