It's very true that these days we expect a level of comfort when in the woods and even at home, which was unthinkable 200 years ago. Being cold was just part of life.
E.H. Kreps is probably referring to pine when talking about the wood he burns. The amount would be significantly smaller if using wood like oak or hickory.
The point of the Kreps quote was not to calculate the amount of wood needed, but it was just the most concise description of sleeping out with a wool blanket that I have seen.
From all the sources I have been able to find, from the 1700s through the early 1900s, people didn't expect to stay warm while sleeping in the woods with just blankets. Except in emergencies, the blanket was used together with a fire. It was a different sleep system, and we can not do a direct comparison to a modern sleep system. We can not just replace a sleeping bag with a blanket or two and expect to stay warm in the same way.
I think we should also remember that the woodsmen we read about and their gear lists which we examine, were pushing the limits of what was possible. It is hard to apply the same gear lists to the comfort oriented camping we do. It is the same as looking at the gear Ulei Steck used to climb Annapurna and then thinking that a 0C bag with no pad is all that is needed for the rest of us under those conditions.
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Good one too Ross, must admit to not being adverse to using some sort of hot water bottle when sleeping out, either a mini rubber one or a Nalgene (which will take the heat). Makes a huge difference on a cold night and during the day you have water to drink. (Also means in bad conditions you don't have to melt snow for breakfast so saving time on those "Alpine" starts.)
I'm sure like you say that our forbears wouldn't have been against stacking the odd for themselves. whether a fire or sleeping on an ember bed.
Keeping your sleep system clean also helps with loft - used to be appalled at the state of some sleeping bags coming in to be cleaned. You wouldn't let a dogs bed get in that state.