This a far from my area of expertise (if I ever had one), although I did share a room with an Egyptologist for a year and we had undergrad lectures on the subject. However. even 19th/early 20th century books on Egypt (remember that Ancient Egypt is ground zero for kooks (I'm trying to research pseudo-archaology), and that was even more true the 19th century) do mention the idea of a skilled longterm workforce, but at that time, excavating the settlements near to the pyramid complexes wasn't really their first concern. However, its the popular media that goes with the slaves idea:
Dieter Wildung, a former director of Berlin's Egyptian Museum, said it is "common knowledge in serious Egyptology" that the pyramid builders were not slaves. "The myth of the slaves building pyramids is only the stuff of tabloids and Hollywood," Wildung said. "The world simply could not believe the pyramids were build without oppression and forced labour, but out of loyalty to the pharaohs."
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/11/great-pyramid-tombs-slaves-egypt
http://skeptoid.com/episodes/4191
In fact its a good example of how Biblical stories and popular media embed something so deep that its really difficult to dislodge it, even though actual scientists have refuted it years before.
The debate never closes in science, or at least it shouldn't.
Which is why scientists use phrases like '95% certainty',
because they are so careful. However, thats also misunderstanding how science actually works. If you want a Nobel prize, you really seek to disprove something that everyone believes is true, and replace it with your own idea. Science is pretty Darwinian. But their are certain things which everyone agrees on, and have done for a long time. Evolution, climate change, germs, gravity, the movement of the continental plates, etc. When no one comes up with a better explaination, then its probably fine. As Carl Sagan put it 'Extraordinary claims require extrardinary evidence'. When you have that much evidence, the ball is in the other peoples court.
If someone could disprove the idea of AGM, they would be rich beyond their wildest dreams. Every fossil fuel (or dependent) industry on Earth would be very grateful (Exxxon alone posted the largest corporate profit in history a year or two back), and governments would also be quite happy that is one less hassle to worry about. And there are prizes they could have - there is a $40,000 prize right now, and I dont think its the only one. And you'd certainly get the Nobel prize for Physics, possibly Chemistry, and perhaps they'd thrown in the Peace prize and a bunch of strippers as well. Yet nobody has collected, nobody has published anything in
Science or
Nature. Nadda. Zilch. Zero.
The data is robust, and the tend is clear - just look at the graphs
https://tamino.wordpress.com/2015/07/22/nasa-and-noaa/ . In fact the amount of publically available data is huge - you can even use datasets to run your own simulations (I think NASA and the Met Office have those). And for those who think that the scientists are up to something, its worth pointing out that the BEST study, which the WhatsUp website reckoned was going to blow AGM away, found exactly the same thing as everyone else.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Earth
Theory after theory is proved to be wrong, but oh my, a comedian puts something on YouTube, the IPCC has spoken and the world's governments can see a money tree.
Which theories are wrong? If you can refute the science of climate change, go ahead, but I know I can't, because I dont have that expertise. All I can do is follow the best evidence. We are not part of a 'debate', because we are simply not equiped, any more than we are part of the 'debate' about the best form of operating on a gallbladder. However, if you need your gallbladder operated on, is it better to follow the advice of 97% of gallbladder specialists, or the opinions of someone on the internet?
John Oliver simply points out the stupid position of the media, and its 'false balance'. As for the IPCC, you can go read all the reports if you like, and can even be a reviewer (its actually an incrediably open process). However, the IPCC is widely seen as fairly conservative in its reports, and the science is not in doubt. In 2001, George W Bush was unhappy about the latest IPCC report, so commisioned another report from the US National Academy of Sciences, hoping that they would disagree with it. They did - they said the situation was
worse http://www.economist.com/node/655664
Ultimately, you are entitled to your opinions, but equally, your not entitled to your own facts. Climate Depot is well known denier website, as the very useful DeSmogblog points out:
http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/4621 and this site (which I'm delighted to discover - what a great name) also has background
http://www.exposethebastards.com/who_is_marc_morano
If you want actual facts, then start with some of the excellent sources above, such as The Royal Society (the oldest and one of the most prestigous scientific bodies on Earth), rather than some bloke on the intertubes. And SkepticalScience has a very good list of all the sort of anti science derp that appears on the web, in the papers, etc
http://www.skepticalscience.com/argument.php ,and one of the people who works on that site has a useful 'top 5'
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/07/22/opinions/cook-techniques-climate-change-denial/
My view of science is 'In God we trust, all other bring data'. And since we've had one comedian, we might as well have another. Dara O'Briain (who as a degree in Maths and theoretcial Physics) does a great thing on evidence:
[video=youtube;YMvMb90hem8]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YMvMb90hem8[/video]
Goatboy - can you actually find someone who has actually said 'as an expert' on TV, as in a clip on YouTube, etc? I have never heard anyone say this, although I've heard plenty of 'city commentators' saying something only to be proved totally wrong. While an interviewer might ask a question of someone, prefacing with the phrase, 'as an expert', but if someone did use the phrase you suggest themselves , they probably wouldn't get invited back again...
People like Brian Cox or Jim Al-Khalili could say that and be correct - they both hold professorships, but they
really really dont.