Where did you get the charcoal ?
Y'see charcoal that's adulterated with alum is used as a water filter, but, charcoal that's saturated with alum won't burn.....well not easily.
Alum is used in a spray for theatrical costumes, curtains, etc., that fireproofs them.
Might have nothing at all to do with your charcoal, but both those statements are true. People who do their own activated charcoal thing don't always use fines, they often use 'natural' type chunky pieces. Just fill a length of drainpipe and let the water slowly percolate down through it.
I have friends who have lengths of the pipe fastened onto the kitchen cupboard beside their sinks. That said though, they don't do the alum thing, but the water treatment folks do. They use the alum to flocculate the peat and clay particles before it hits the fine screens so it doesn't clog them up. I don't know what they do with the used charcoal though. I did hear that it was being dumped in wetland ditch fills though where they were trying to re-establish peat bogs and stop the over drainage. They don't want to add fertiliser, just organic debris kind of thing.
So, where did you get the charcoal ? and did it burn with a funny colour when you finally got it to go ?