Even hunting the biggest "trophy" deer doesn't really hurt the gene pool.
1. It's almost impossible to bag the biggest, smartest bucks. It's almost impossible to even see them.
This is simply not true. The assertion is wild on its face.
But there's this possibility: maybe you're not seeing them in New England, because hunters have specifically targeted them for their racks and you're running out of big bucks -- which is my point.
Come hunting with me out West and I'll show you plenty of big bucks, as long you promise not to take them and go for the average ones like I do.
I think some of our Texans might want to weigh in on this, but last time I was in West Texas -- where the deer are super plentiful -- I noted a marked reduction in size and robustness since the last time I hunted there a couple of decades a go. I suspect hunting for racks is making them visibly smaller.
2. Dominant bucks don't survive long anyway. Once they reach that stage, they wear themselves out fighting and breeding and don't make it through the subsequent winter. It's Mother Natures way of keeping the gene pool fresh.
I don't know how you arrive at this conclusion. Dominant bucks don't wear themselves out and die from fighting and breeding. Dominant bucks actually have a pretty nice life, relatively speaking, until someone decides to hunt them specifically for their rack. (Although I'm deeply amused by the notion of a buck f***ing himself to death...)
3. Trophy hunting gives economic value to game. Without economic value, habitat becomes strip malls and subdivisions.
Again, not correct. Hunting licenses in general contribute substantially to wildlife management, and general land management policies contribute mightily as well.
The specific economic activity associated with trophy hunting is a drop in the bucket by comparison and utterly unimportant from a wildlife management perspective.
Hunters -- and I repeat, I am a hunter -- who are focused on taking the biggest and the best damage the gene pool badly and there are plenty of examples. The small size of the American bison being one of the most visible.
If a hunter chooses on the basis of trophy value, they will inevitably harm the gene pool.
Hypothetical situation: You see a yearling spike buck and a huge 12-pointer at the same time. If you take the 12-pointer during the legal season, he's already impregnated lots of does and was likely to die before the next season anyway. If you take the young spike, no one will ever know what his genetic potential was, and he's probably never bred.
But your hypothetical is not the scenario I propose. I'm not talking about taking yearlings. I advocate taking thoroughly ordinary fully adult deer and specifically choosing NOT to take the biggest in the strongest in favor of going for the ordinary.