I think that the biggest mistake we make in the "West" is to believe that other people think like us.
That's not necessarily the case. The Western cultural mind-view ("self evident" things like "human rights"and getting rid of cultural acceptance of slavery) was actually the outcome of 2000 years of development along a particular path- "Dominion" by Tom Holland explores how that culture developed, and also points out how anomalous it is in wider historical terms.
Other parts of the world followed different paths, e.g. the Confucian model in China/east Asia where the collective, filian piety, harmony in society and a strong state is preferred over individual "rights." In other parts of the world, tribe and clan is everything, and "good" is "what is right for the clan and sod everyone else."
Without making any judgement on what is better/worse, there's clearly going to be trouble if you (for example) put someone raised in a clan environment into a typical Western setup without either effort to assimilate the person, or efforts by the person to assimilate- and of course vice-versa. (There are several examples I can think of, but I don't want to stray into politics).
The culture we are raised in shapes us; humans are an intensely social species. Our cultural upbringing defines our morals and mores, and is only overcome with effort- which also needs motivation. Some will make that transition well, others make it but always feel torn, others don't make it and instead will rebel against it. The key thing is to acknowledge that- not pretend it's not happening. (And we cannot assume tolerance of another culture is universal- just because it's an element of our culture).
There are even sub-cultures within the dominant one; in the Western culture, the "official" mores may not be in 100% of the population..... for example, in some parts of Western society, the "casual use of violence" (as an ex-magistrate once described it to me) is normalised as a response to offence. Of course, what constitutes offence is yet another cultural variable.....
Societies need a common shared narrative and set of values to hold them together- plus a mandate that outsiders conform to them, whether they like it or not. Those values can be "enforced" formally or informally- but enforced they must be to maintain harmony. The alternative is ghettos of different cultures, balkanised areas with conflicting values and possible violent clashes. T'was ever thus I'm afraid. As for appraising how far we might be down that rabbithole- that depends both on where one lives and one's view of the world around them I guess.
GC