The needle is mounted on the end of a shaft.
This shaft is driven by a collar. The collar is tightened around the shaft with a clamping screw. On mine it's a 2mm Allen screw but yours might be slightly different.
Take the bobbin out & hand wind the machine until the needle reaches its lowest point. On mine (and my mother-in-law's) the tip of the needle and the inner "claw" bit just overlap. If the needle is too far down, it could hit the bobbin. You can undo the screw above & move the shaft.
As the needle moves back up on its stroke, when the hook passes it, the eye of the needle should be slightly lower than this hook (so it can catch the thread)
However, is it a new needle? Could be bent or not inserted fully (make sure it's the right way round - flat bit goes towards the back usually)