A patina on a blade is a coating of iron oxide (similar to rust, but obviously a different colour and it isn't structurally damaging) and itself is the best rust preventative measure that can be taken IMO. It will prevent rust, won't come off with normal use, is food safe, and you don't have to do anything to get it but use the knife. It will be much more effort to remove it and keep removing it as well as removing any rust spots than just let the patina develop and help protect against rust.
I'd recommend against veg oil because if it soaks into the wood, soaks into a leather sheath etc it can stick around long enough to go rancid. I use vaseline for blades, as it's non-toxic and will stay on as already said. Lanolin (the wax/grease from wool) is a good natural alternative, as it's also non-toxic, hypoallergenic and won't go rancid. I smeared vaseline on a rag, stuffed it into a mint-tin and just open it up and give the blade a wipe when necessary.
Hope this helps,
Pete