In some countries certain types of empty bottles are refundable, in England many years ago you used to get a deposit paid for empty bottles too, I wonder if this was re-introduced if it would reduce the amount of bottles now discarded as litter, somehow I doubt it, it seems to me many peoples attitudes to litter has changed over the years and a certain element of society now seems to accept litter as just as normal as leaf fall instead of the disgusting eyesore it is, in germany the government had to go to court to get the legislation introduced as it was opposed by the bottling companies and retailers which is typical of big business, this link shows info on refundable bottles, I thought the reversible vending machines in germany and norway accepting empty bottles was interesting. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_deposit_legislation