Artic Hobo,
Take a look around
http://www.deer-uk.com and that site will give you a good idea whats species are available in the UK.
Briefly, (very!) as far as the law goes, in the UK, you need to have permission to hunt or take deer from the landowner or the person who holds the shooting rights as there is basically no free public hunting as say in the States.
The rifle must meet certain ballistic criteria which boils down to a minimum of a .243Win, except in Scotland where you can use a min of .222Rem for Roe only (the rest are .243Win min) no bow nor handgun hunting.
You must use expanding ammunition by law ie no solids or cheap military ball.
You can legally use another persons rifle as long as they are with you supervising and of course they have the correct FAC.
To own your own rifle, you must first apply for an FAC ( lasts 5 years and cost about £50?? first time, but cheaper after) and tell the police its for deer stalking. You will also need a special variation to buy expanding ammunition.
The law says you don't need a game license to take deer on "enclosed land" but what is classified as "enclosed land" is very much a grey area...its easier to spend £7 and buy a game license to avoid any possible hassle. You get these over the counter at the post office.
BASC and the British Deer Society offer some introduction courses but they are getting quite expensive now. Unless money is no object, your main problem will be find land to stalk over as it can go for a premium these days. If you know a friendly farmer with a deer problem your quids in!
You need to check what the close season for the species your interested in taking is as they are different and also vary between England/Wales and Scotland...
No shooting deer at night.
I would like to think we have very high standards of conduct in the UK as far as stalking goes.
Long range shooting is frowned on and to start with, on woodland species, you will be expect to confine your shots to within 100m as a rule of thumb.
You will also be expected to only take heart/lung shots on deer that are stationary and broadside on.
The chap who was my mentor when i started gave me the following advice which has always stayed with me.
He would say taking the shot is the least important and most important part of the day. It is the least important in that it does not matter if you don't get a chance, enjoy being out and being part of nature.
On the other hand, Its the most important part of the day in that when you do decide to pull the trigger, you *must* ensure that animal is dispatched quickly and humanely; that is your over riding responsiblity and if you have any doubts at all, don't take the shot!
If you want anymore help or info, please feel free to ask...
Regards,
Pete